SUBJECT PRONOUNS
| I (yo) | We (nosotros,as) |
| You (tú, usted) | You (vosotros, vosotras) |
| He (él) | They (ellos,as) |
| She (ella) | |
| it (ello) | |
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TO BE: PRESENT SIMPLE
| Afirmativa | Forma Contracta | Traducción |
| I am | I'm | soy;estoy |
| You are | You're | eres;estás |
| He is | He's | es:está |
| She is | She's | es;está |
| It is | It's | es;está |
| We are | We're | somos;estamos |
| You are | You're | sois;estáis |
| They are | They're | son:están |
| Negativa | Formas contractas | Interrogativa |
| I am not | I'm not | Am I...? |
| You are not | You're not/You aren't | Are you...? |
| He is not | He's not/He isn't | Is he...? |
| She is not | She's not/She isn't | Is she...? |
| It is not | It's not/It isn't | Is it...? |
| We are not | We're not/We aren't | Are we...? |
| You are not | You're not/You aren't | Are you...? |
| They are not | They're not/They aren't | Are they...? |
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TO BE: PAST SIMPLE
| Afirmativa | Traducción |
| I was | era;estaba;fui;estuve |
| You were | eras;estabas;fuiste;estuviste |
| He(she/it was | era;estaba;fue;estuvo |
| We were | eramos,estábamos;fuimos;estuvimos |
| You were | érais;estábais;fuísteis;estuvísteis |
| They were | eran;estaba;fueron;estuvieron |
| Negativa | Interrogativa |
| I was not (wasn't) | Was I? |
| You were not (weren't) | Were you? |
| He/she/it was not (wasn't) | Was he/she/it? |
| We were not (weren't) | Were we? |
| You were not (weren't) | Were you? |
| They were not (weren't) | Were they? |
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PRESENT SIMPLE REGULAR VERBS
| Afirmativa | Interrogativa |
| I like | Do I like...? |
| You like | Do you like....? |
| He/she/it likes | Does he/she/it like...? |
| We like | Do we like...? |
| You like | Do you like...? |
| They like | Do they like...? |
| Negativa | Contracta |
| I do not like | I don't like |
| You do not like | You don't like |
| He/she/it does not like | He/she/it doesn't like |
| We do not like | We don't like |
| You do not like | You don't like |
| They do not like | They don't like |
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OBJECT PRONOUNS
| Subject pronouns | OBJECT PRONOUNS |
| I | me |
| You | you |
| He | him |
| She | her |
| It | it |
| We | us |
| You | you |
| They | them |
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IMPERATIVE
|
MUST
| Afirmativa | Negativa | Interrogativa |
| I must do my homework | You mustn't eat in class | Must you study now? |
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PRESENT CONTINUOUS
| Afirmativa | Contracta | Interrogativa | |
| I am cooking | I'm cooking | Am I cooking? | |
| You are cooking | You're cooking | Are you cooking? | |
| He/she/it is cooking | He's/she's/it's cooking | Is he/she/it cooking | |
| We are cooking | We're cooking | Are we cooking? | |
| You are cooking | You're cooking | Are you cooking? | |
| They are cooking | They're cooking | Are they cooking? | |
| Negativa | Contracta | ||
| I am not cooking | I'm not cooking | ||
| You are not cooking | You aren't cooking | ||
| He/she/it is not cooking | He/she/it isn't cooking | ||
| We are not cooking | We aren't cooking | ||
| You are not cooking | You aren't cooking | ||
| They are not cooking | They aren't cooking | ||
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ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY
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QUESTION WORDS:
HOW OFTEN? WHAT TIME?
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HAVE GOT
|
Afirmativa |
Contracta | Interrogativa | |
| I have got | I've got | Have I got...? | |
| You have got | You've got | Have you got? | |
| He/she/it has got | He's/she's/it's got | Has he/she/it got....? | |
| We have got | We've got | Have we got¿ | |
| You have got | You've got | Have you got...? | |
| They have got | They've got | Have they got...? | |
| Negativa | Contracta | ||
| I have not got | I haven't got | ||
| You have not got | You haven't got | ||
| He/she/it has not got | He/she/it hasn't got | ||
| We have not got | We haven't got | ||
| You have not got | You haven't got | ||
| They have not got | They haven't got | ||
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POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
| my (mi, mis) |
| your (tu, tus) |
| his (su, sus [de él]) |
| her (su, sus {de ella}) |
| its (su, sus `[de ello]) |
| our (nuestro-a, nuestros-as) |
| you (vuestro-a, vuestros-as) |
| their (su, sus [de ellos, de ellas]) |
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COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES
| Adjetivos de una sílaba | ||
| Adjetivo | Comparativo | Superlativo |
| small | smaller | the smallest |
| long | longer | the longest |
| Adjetivos de una sílaba acabados en -e | ||
| Adjetivo | Comparativo | Superlativo |
| safe | safer | the safest |
| nice | nicer | the nicest |
| Adjetivos de 1 sílaba acabados en vocal corta + t, d, g, m, o n: duplicar la consonante final | ||
| Adjetivo | Comparativo | Superlativo |
| big | bigger | the biggest |
| thin | thinner | the thinnest |
| Adjetivos de 2 sílabas que terminan en y, cambiar la y por i. Siguen las 2 sílabas | ||
| Adjetivo | Comparativo | Superlativo |
| lazy | lazier | the laziest |
| easy | easier | the easiest |
| Adjetivos de 2 o más sílabas | ||
| Adjetivo | Comparativo | Superlativo |
| beautiful | more beautiful | the most beautiful |
| intelligent | more intelligent | the most intelligent |
| Adjetivos irregulares | ||
| Adjetivo | Comparativo | Superlativo |
| good | better | the best |
| bad | worse | the worst |
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RELATIVE PRONOUNS WHO/THAT
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WAS/WERE BORN
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PAST SIMPLE OF REGULAR VERBS
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PAST SIMPLE OF IRREGULAR VERBS
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| Afirmativa | Negativa | Interrogativa |
| I was sleeping | I wasn't sleeping | Was I sleeping? |
| You were sleeping | You weren't sleeping | Were you sleeping? |
| He/she was sleeping | He/she wasn't sleeping | Was he/she sleeping? |
| We were sleeping | We weren't sleeping | Were we sleeping? |
| You were sleeping | You weren't sleeping | Were you sleeping? |
| They were sleeping | They weren't sleeping | Were they sleeping? |
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CONNECTORS
first... then... next... after that... finally... (primero.... luego... a continuación... después... finalmente...) |